https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50532 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:56:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40357 Wed 27 Jul 2022 15:15:01 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46431 Wed 23 Nov 2022 11:02:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45438 Wed 20 Mar 2024 15:45:49 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19361 Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:44:29 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55017 Wed 03 Apr 2024 13:28:34 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37586 Tue 07 Dec 2021 12:17:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39885 2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and NOx (sum of NO and NO₂). Forty-six air monitoring stations were grouped into 6 rural and urban regional areas. Linear regression models examined pollution levels in association with rural and urban regions and meteorological covariates. Results: Findings show that daily mean pollutant levels in the rural Upper Hunter were the highest of all regions, and were significantly higher than metropolitan Sydney, with and without control for weather conditions, for every pollutant. For example, daily mean PM2.5 was 8.64 µg/m³ in the rural Upper Hunter, compared to 7.23 μg/m³ in metropolitan Sydney. Conclusions: Results highlight the need to consider both urban and rural sources of pollution in air quality studies, and appropriate policy steps to address likely rural air pollution from coal mining.]]> Thu 21 Jul 2022 09:48:20 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21993 Thu 14 Apr 2022 11:02:37 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35868 Thu 14 Apr 2022 11:01:33 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34059 2.5) and smoking and their combined (interactive) effects on depression. Method: Multilevel logistic regression analysis of baseline data of a prospective cohort study (n=41 785). The 3-year average concentrations of PM_2.5 were estimated using US National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellite data, and depression was diagnosed using a standardised questionnaire. Three-level logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations with depression. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for depression was 1.09 (95% Cl 1.01-1.17) per 10μg/m³ increase in ambient PM_2.5, and the association remained after adjusting for potential confounding factors (adjusted OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19). Tobacco smoking (smoking status, frequency, duration and amount) was also significantly associated with depression. There appeared to be a synergistic interaction between ambient PM 2.5 and smoking on depression in the additive model, but the interaction was not statistically significant in the multiplicative model. Conclusions: Our study suggests that exposure to ambient PM_2.5 may increase the risk of depression, and smoking may enhance this effect.]]> Thu 09 Dec 2021 11:03:15 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32991 In utero exposure to particulate matter (PM) from a range of sources is associated with adverse post-natal health; however, the effect of maternal exposure to community-sampled PM on early post-natal lung and immune development is poorly understood. Objectives: Using a mouse model, we aimed to determine whether in utero exposure to PM alters early post-natal lung function and immune cell populations. We used PM collected from ceiling voids in suburban houses as a proxy for community PM exposure. Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were intranasally exposed to ceiling derived PM, or saline alone, at gestational day (E) 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5. When mice were two weeks old, we assessed lung function by the forced oscillation technique, and enumerated T and B cell populations in the spleen and thymus by flow cytometry. Results: Maternal exposure to PM impaired somatic growth of male offspring resulting in reduced lung volume and deficits in lung function. There was no effect on thymic T cell populations in dams and their male offspring but PM decreased the CD4 +CD25 + T cell population in the female offspring. In contrast, maternal exposure to PM increased splenic CD3 +CD4 + and CD3 +CD8 + T cells in dams, and there was some evidence to suggest inhibition of splenic T cell maturation in male but not female offspring. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that maternal exposure to ceiling void PM has the capacity to impair early somatic growth and alter early life immune development in a sex specific manner.]]> Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:19:29 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38257 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:39:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48490 Mon 20 Mar 2023 11:44:42 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47966 Mon 13 Feb 2023 15:52:01 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46586 in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies involving PM containing Fe or iron oxide following inhalation or instillation. The major findings from these investigations are summarized and tabulated. Epidemiological studies showed that exposure to Fe oxide is correlated with an increased incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and several respiratory diseases. Iron PM was found to induce inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and to translocate to remote locations including the brain following inhalation. A potential pathway for the PM-containing Fe-mediated toxicity by inhalation is via the generation of ROS which leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidation. Our recommendations include an expansion of epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies, integrating research improvements outlined in this review, such as the method of particle preparation, cell line type, and animal model, to enhance our understanding of the complex biological interactions of these particles.]]> Fri 25 Nov 2022 14:47:06 AEDT ]]>